Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn the basics of multiplication.
These videos illustrate the lesson material below. Watching the videos is optional.
- Introduction to Multiplication (05:20 mins) | Transcript
- Multiplication of 0, 1, and 10 (01:38 mins) | Transcript
Multiplication Basics
Ancient mathematicians realized that adding the same number over and over would always result in the same answer. For example, two added together three times equals six, or
Because these equations always lead to the same answer, they are known as multiplication facts. It is important to memorize these facts so you can more easily do arithmetic and better understand other principles, like fractions and algebra.
Ordering Multiplication Equations
In addition equations, you can rearrange the order of the numbers and get the same answer. For example,
Example 1
Both
Figure 1
Figure 2
Example 2
The same principle applies for all multiplication facts. Figure 3 is a visual representation of 8 added together 5 times. This is another example of repeated addition.
Figure 3
Consider this another way:
Figure 4
You have the same set of blocks below, but instead of 8 added 5 times, you have 5 added 8 times. Notice it gives the same answer of 40.
Figure 5
Remember: The rule of multiplication allows you to multiply repeated addition problems.
Figure 6
Figures 4 and 6 show that both
Multiplication Tables
Figure 7 is a multiplication table. You can use this multiplication chart to help you learn multiplication facts. Use it to make flashcards to help you memorize the facts. Memorizing multiplication facts will be helpful to you and make math easier as you continue through the course.
Figure 7
If you want to know what a certain equation equals, find the intersection between the two numbers that you are multiplying. For example, if you want to know what
Multiplication by 0, 1, or 10
Multiplication equations with 0, 1, or 10 follow basic rules outlined below:
Multiplication of 0
Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0.
Multiplication of 1
Any number multiplied by 1 remains the same number.
Multiplication of 10
Any number multiplied by 10 is the same number but with a new zero at the end.
In other words, multiplying by 10 moves all the numbers one place value to the left, or one place value higher.
Things to Remember
- Multiplication is just repeated addition.
- Memorizing multiplication facts will be beneficial now and in the future.
- Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0.
- Any number multiplied by 1 remains the same.
- Any number multiplied by 10 is the same number with a 0 added to the end of the original number.
Practice Problems
Evaluate the following expressions: (Video Solution (Solution (Video Solution (Solution (Solution (Solution (Solution